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 This issue has a special theme section on Local Government and Participation. While it is frequently national governments that formulate policy, it is usually local governments that are responsible for implementing it, whether it is delivering essential social services, carrying out civic improvements or coordinating integrated land-use planning activities.

This special issue features 13 articles discussing examples of where local government agencies in both developed and lesser-developed countries are using PLA to address issues of concern in their constituencies.

This issue also includes the following general articles:

A paper describing how the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute used Participatory Rural Appraisal to determine future research direction.

A paper on the problems of using government and NGO officials to facilitate participation, based on a land-reclamation project in India.

A case study from Nigeria, showing how participatory techniques were used to strengthen community trust and co-operation in relation to farmland.

A paper asking whether PRA is an effective tool in democratic societies, based on projects in Germany.

An article looking at how local consultation was used to help decide the placement of a flood protection barrier in Bangladesh

A Tips for Trainers paper on the types of documentations that can be issued at the end of a workshop.