| 结论 |
Virtual collaboration tools vary in their ability to convey important verbal and nonverbal cues. - Computer-mediated communication, such as chat, is considered one of the least rich mediums of communication, given that it lacks both the visual and auditory cues found in face-to-face interactions. The lack of these cues can pose challenges to conveying complex and ambiguous information and to developing team cohesion and trust.
- Audioconferencing is considered a richer communication medium than chat, given the addition of verbal cues, such as tone of voice. However, there are still some similar challenges in effective virtual collaboration, such as developing trust among team members.
- Videoconferencing is considered the best proxy for face-to-face interaction and allows for the transmission of both verbal and nonverbal cues. However, research still finds that videoconferencing is often not as efficient as face-to-face communication for certain tasks, and many virtual collaboration difficulties, such as the development of trust, can still remain.
Secure chat may not always be the optimum virtual collaboration medium. - Currently, secure chat is the preferred virtual collaboration medium for real-time communication between military personnel and their customers and partners due to its capacity to provide immediate feedback and its low bandwidth requirements. However, text-based communication tools, such as chat, lack the "richness" of face-to-face interactions.
- Text-based communication lacks personalization, cannot provide nonverbal cues capable of conveying complex and nuanced messages, and can lead to difficulty in building trust among virtually interacting team members. Scholars argue that the absence of these cues can interfere with the team interactions necessary for effective collaboration.
- The shortcomings of text-based communication (including chat) may make it difficult for non-colocated teams to come up with a common assessment of an ambiguous or uncertain tactical situation.
The use of personal videoconferencing at the appropriate times may alleviate the shortcomings of chat to a certain extent. - Although videoconferencing still has limitations as a communication medium, it is the best proxy for face-to-face interaction because it is able to convey important verbal and nonverbal cues.
- Unlike chat and audioconferencing, videoconferencing provides nonverbal cues that allow for the expression of feelings and personalization, which, in turn, may provide a better opportunity for the development of interpersonal relationships.
- Adding another communications requirement may present the risk of cognitive overload, but that risk can be avoided if webcam sessions are limited to noncritical times during an operation.
- The higher bandwidth requirements of videoconferencing may preclude its use in some theaters of operation.
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