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The Research Team Identified 12 Underlying Factors Relevant to Unstable Environments Prone to Violent Extremism from Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science, and Related Fields

• Factor 1: The level of external support for violent extremist groups
• Factor 2: The extent to which the government is considered illegitimate or ineffective by the population
• Factor 3: The presence of tribal or ethnic indigenous populations with a history of resisting state rule
• Factor 4: The levels of poverty and inequality
• Factor 5: The extent to which local governance is fragmented, weak, or vulnerable
• Factor 6: The existence of ungoverned space
• Factor 7: The presence of multiple violent, nonstate groups competing for power
• Factor 8: The level of government restriction on political or ideological dissent
• Factor 9: The level of consistency and/or agreement between a violent extremist group's goals and the ideology of target populations
• Factor 10: The extent to which population and extremist groups perceive faltering government commitment to a counterinsurgency campaign
• Factor 11: The capacity, resources, and expertise of violent extremist groups
• Factor 12: The pervasiveness of social networks

The Factors Can Be Assessed and Tracked Via Metrics

• The factors are linked through complex, mutually dependent interrelationships.
• Qualitative and quantitative metrics can be developed that enable assessment and tracking of factors. A number of relevant metrics in the public domain are updated annually and can be easily accessed for analysis.
• Metrics can be used to assess and prioritize countries and regions based on the presence of factors that could give rise to unstable environments.