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China Is the Controlling Producer of 11 Raw and Semi-Finished Materials Critical to U.S. Manufacturing

• China is responsible for at least 60 percent of global production of eight of the nine materials for which a single country has the highest share of global production.
• For some materials, China's share of global production is even higher, including 97 percent of rare earth elements, 90 percent of antimony, and 86 percent of magnesium and tungsten.

China's Export Restrictions Have Major Ramifications for Global Manufacturing Trends

• The two-tier pricing system resulting from China's export restrictions has hindered the international competitiveness of U.S. manufacturers and provided motivation for moving U.S. manufacturing operations to China.
• China's export restrictions have contributed to large price increases for raw and semi-finished materials and, in some cases, volatility on the world market.

Actions Are Needed to Counter the Impact of Export Restrictions on Global Manufacturing

• Actions are needed to increase resiliency to supply disruptions or market distortions and to provide early warning of developing problems associated with the concentration of production.
• Actions to increase resiliency should be aimed at the diversification of production and processing, as well as the improved efficiency of the use and recovery of materials from waste and scrap.
• Actions to provide early warning could be based on the benchmarking of market activity with diversified commodity markets.