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The Strategic Investment Analysis Protocol (SIAP) can be used to estimate the resource implications for the Army of changes in national defense strategy.

• SIAP estimates costs for both the operational Army and the generating Army.
• SIAP cost estimates include support and sustainment forces.
• SIAP can be used to assess the degree to which Army investment options are robust across alternative defense strategies.

The authors estimate the costs of three alternative defense strategies to illustrate SIAP.

• The Direct Counterinsurgency (COIN) strategy approximates the strategy that was current at the time of this study. Maintaining an Army to support this strategy over a 20-year period would cost over $3.2 trillion.
• The Build Local Defend Global strategy assumes that the primary threats to the United States arise from instability and that the United States can mitigate these threats by developing partners' capabilities for governance. Maintaining an Army to support this strategy would cost approximately $2.2 trillion over the same period.
• The Rising Peer strategy assumes that only a major peer or near-peer competitor, such as China, can threaten the security of the United States. The Army supporting this strategy would also cost about $2.2 trillion.

SIAP provides Defense Department and Army leaders with the means to assess the costs of alternative strategies before they select one.

• SIAP can provide relatively accurate, first-order estimates of the resource implications for the Army of alternative defense strategies.
• It can give senior leaders more precise guidance with which to initiate the force management requirements process.
• Because SIAP trades precision and accuracy for responsiveness, it cannot substitute for ordinary planning and budgeting processes in providing a detailed and specific analysis of what is actually needed to implement a particular strategy.