G2TT
来源类型Research Reports
规范类型报告
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7249/RR1607
来源IDRR-1607-WODC
Internet-facilitated drugs trade: An analysis of the size, scope and the role of the Netherlands
Kristy Kruithof; Judith Aldridge; David Décary Hétu; Megan Sim; Elma Dujso; Stijn Hoorens
发表日期2016
出版者RAND Corporation
出版年2016
页码203
语种英语
结论

Monthly revenues from drugs on cryptomarkets are in the double-digit million dollars

Of all products and services on offer, this study found that 57 per cent of listings across the eight analysed cryptomarkets offered drugs. The results indicate that these cryptomarkets generated a total monthly revenue of $14.2m (€12.6m) in January 2016, $12.0m (€10.5m) when prescription drugs and alcohol and tobacco are excluded (lower-boundary estimate). An upper-boundary estimate for monthly drug revenues via visible listings on all cryptomarkets would be $25.0m (€22.1m) and $21.1m (€18.5m) when prescription drugs and alcohol and tobacco are excluded. Cannabis, stimulants and ecstasy were responsible for 70 per cent of all revenues on the analysed cryptomarkets. No information was identified on revenues on the clear net. The values are based on EUR/USD exchange rate of 1.14 as of April 2016.

Cryptomarkets are not just an 'eBay for Drugs'

Large 'wholesale' level transactions (those greater than $1,000) are important for cryptomarkets, generating nearly one quarter of overall revenue both in September 2013 and in January 2016. Based on these findings it is likely that many cryptomarket customers are drug dealers sourcing stock intended for offline distribution.

Most revenues are generated by vendors who indicate they are operating from Anglo-Saxon countries or Western Europe

Most vendors appeared to be operating from the United States (890), followed by the United Kingdom (338), and Germany (225). Vendors indicating they ship from the United States generated 36% per cent of all drug revenues within our sample. Other Anglo-Saxon (Canada and the United Kingdom) as well as Western European countries (the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, France) also generate substantial proportions of revenues.

Revenues from vendors operating from the Netherlands are by far the largest on a per capita basis

Revenues to vendors reporting to operate from the Netherlands on cryptomarkets accounted for 8 per cent of total drug revenues. On a per capita basis, revenues to vendors operating from the Netherlands were 2.4 times higher than those from the United Kingdom and 4.5 higher than those from the United States.

Vendors and buyers on online markets seem to have similar characteristics

Traditional investigation techniques applied in the drug chain, postal detection and interception, online detection and online disruption are potential law enforcement strategies in the detection and intervention of Internet-facilitated drugs trade. In addition, international cooperation and coordination (and the accompanying legal challenges), capacity and resources and (technical) capabilities could play a facilitating role in deploying the different strategies to tackle Internet-facilitated drugs trade.

There are four broad categories of modes of detection and intervention

Traditional investigation techniques applied in the drug chain, postal detection and interception, online detection and online disruption are potential law enforcement strategies in the detection and intervention of Internet-facilitated drugs trade. In addition, international cooperation and coordination (and the accompanying legal challenges), capacity and resources and (technical) capabilities could play a facilitating role in deploying the different strategies to tackle Internet-facilitated drugs trade.

主题Crime ; Cyber and Data Sciences ; Cybercrime ; Illegal Drug Trade ; The Internet ; Law Enforcement ; Netherlands
URLhttps://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1607.html
来源智库RAND Corporation (United States)
引用统计
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/108366
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Kristy Kruithof,Judith Aldridge,David Décary Hétu,et al. Internet-facilitated drugs trade: An analysis of the size, scope and the role of the Netherlands. 2016.
条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小 资源类型 版本类型 开放类型 使用许可
x1495316352115.jpg(8KB)智库出版物 限制开放CC BY-NC-SA浏览
RAND_RR1607.pdf(2401KB)智库出版物 限制开放CC BY-NC-SA浏览
个性服务
推荐该条目
保存到收藏夹
导出为Endnote文件
谷歌学术
谷歌学术中相似的文章
[Kristy Kruithof]的文章
[Judith Aldridge]的文章
[David Décary Hétu]的文章
百度学术
百度学术中相似的文章
[Kristy Kruithof]的文章
[Judith Aldridge]的文章
[David Décary Hétu]的文章
必应学术
必应学术中相似的文章
[Kristy Kruithof]的文章
[Judith Aldridge]的文章
[David Décary Hétu]的文章
相关权益政策
暂无数据
收藏/分享
文件名: x1495316352115.jpg
格式: JPEG
文件名: RAND_RR1607.pdf
格式: Adobe PDF

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。