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The Silica Case Demonstrates How Engineering Controls Can Avoid Injuries and Fatalities

• Based on the willingness-to-pay and value-of-a-statistical-life (VSL) estimates for risk reductions in fatal and nonfatal illnesses, the economic value of ventilation control measures ranges from $304 million to $1.1 billion on an annualized basis, with a midpoint estimate of $692 million per year.
• Using a separate medical cost approach, the authors estimate that NIOSH's activities contributed to $4.9 million in avoided medical and productivity losses on an annualized basis for fatal lung cancers.

The Firefighter Case Shows How Personal Protective Equipment and Other Controls Help Reduce Cancer Risk

• They estimate that resulting reductions in mortality and morbidity would reduce medical costs and productivity losses by $71 million per year, with a range of $23 million to $93 million, depending on assumptions about reduction in risk and adoption of control measures.
• Using VSL, the authors estimate benefits of approximately $1 billion.

The Workers' Compensation Case Shows How Safety Grant Programs Reduce the Costs Associated with Workplace Injuries

• More than with the other case studies, the impacts of this work are still developing. Nevertheless, the authors find evidence that, between 2013 and 2017, NIOSH research has been associated with $4 million to $7 million per year in avoided workers' compensation costs, $7 million to $11 million in new streams of annual productivity gains per year, and from almost $700,000 to more than $16 million in avoided uncompensated wage losses per year.