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Almost All of the Sites Succeeded in Launching Interventions Relevant to Children Exposed to Violence

• Almost 1,500 families received Safe Start services (and about 1,250 received comparison group services) across the ten sites.
• However, families did not take up the services fully, receiving fewer services than planned. Nonetheless, satisfaction with services was high.
• Program staff were trained in specific intervention models and brought those skills to families who might not otherwise have had access to these types of family-focused programs.

Families Who Participated in Safe Start Improved over Time

• Analyses found positive change in many of the outcomes, with families in six of the studies showing statistically significant improvement in their primary outcomes over time (in the intervention or comparison group).
• Among the powered studies, there was no strong evidence that the intervention groups improved more than the comparison groups on the outcomes examined.

There Was a Range of Effect Size Changes Across the Outcomes Examined

• For those who received Safe Start services, only one site had large significant effect size changes on outcomes (child posttraumatic stress disorder), and one site had medium significant effect size changes on multiple outcomes (child self-control, posttraumatic stress disorder, and behavior; caregiver depression; and family conflict). Otherwise, the changes in outcomes within the intervention group were generally small.