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The Best Way to Undermine Violent Extremism Is the Strengthen Those Factors That Motivate Individuals to Reject Political Violence

• Choosing not to engage in violence is attitudinally distinct from opposing political violence in theory.
• Urban centers represent important populations for strengthening nonradicalization.
• Yemenis perceive attacks against local civilians as more legitimate than attacks against foreigners, including aid workers.
• Social ties, measured by the degree of influence exerted by family, friends, and religious leaders, also do not affect individual radicalization in one clear direction.
• Yemenis view political violence as a form of activism, so redirected pathways — or participation in nonviolent activism — do not diminish a propensity for violence.