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The MTCR Is Only One of Many U.S. Control Mechanisms to Which an Export Request Is Subjected

• Maintaining the MTCR controls has potential security, economic, and political consequences.
• The MTCR's effects on security considerations are somewhat negative because U.S. allies and partners are being negatively affected while the threat to U.S. and allied troops from foreign-made UAVs, mostly from China, has increased.
• The economic impact on the United States is negative because fewer sales are occurring.
• Political impact would appear to be neutral but varies by measured factors.

The MTCR's Impact and Effectiveness in Controlling Category I UAVs Has Eroded

• A subset of category II systems is widely proliferated. These systems have capabilities that are near those of category I systems but with smaller payloads, so the strict category I restrictions do not apply.
• Several nations are now developing and openly marketing category I systems for sale to both MTCR and non-MTCR nations.
• Non-MTCR nations with the capability to manufacture category I systems (e.g., China) have also marketed these systems and, in one case, are building coproduction facilities to produce them.