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The authors identified six best practices for engagement:

• Expand existing community partnerships to build awareness of precision medicine and prepare community members for considering enrollment in the AoURP.
• Foster a spectrum of leadership support to identify well-placed allies who can help with participant engagement.
• Engage a mix of study champions by involving physicians, other clinical personnel, community members, and enrolled participants.
• Make precision medicine relevant to participant and community priorities by tailoring and personalizing messages about the AoURP.
• Build an engagement team with diverse expertise by hiring staff with marketing, customer care, or public relations experience who also understand community priorities and know the clinical sites where recruitment takes place.
• Be prepared to talk about uncertainties related to the evolving nature of the AoURP.

The authors developed the three Ms of engagement framework for evaluating participant engagement process and its outcomes:

• This framework distinguishes between metrics, markers, and mechanisms of engagement.
• Metrics are counts and descriptions of what was done to engage participants.
• Markers are the outcomes or benefits that engagement in the AoURP may bring.
• Mechanisms are hypotheses that link metrics and markers and try to explain how engagement activities yielded the desired outcomes.