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Assessment of alignment and tone

• Air Force doctrine presents many principles, processes, and terms that are consistent with those found in joint doctrine.
• Air Force doctrine introduces some alternate constructs from those used in joint doctrine, sometimes without noting the differences.
• Air Force doctrine offers less information on some key topics (e.g., planning processes and considerations) compared with joint doctrine.
• Some sections of Air Force doctrine displayed a highly joint tone, effectively incorporating joint context and describing the service as a unique, but not superior, contributor to joint teams.
• Some sections of Air Force doctrine were more insular, focusing primarily on service-specific issues with little discussion of the role the Air Force would play as part of a joint team.

Doctrine and joint constructs in the Air Force

• Doctrine is not central to Air Force culture, so revisions to service doctrine, on their own, would only have a limited effect on airmen's joint proficiency.
• Of the limited number of airmen interviewed for this study, many reported that they do not use joint doctrine and constructs regularly throughout their careers, joint experiences often come late, and joint professional military education is often disconnected from joint experiences.