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PHCS have built and strengthened primary care, data collection and integration, and care coordination

• PHCS have adopted a broad set of health system improvement activities: improving data collection and tracking, coordination of care, access to care, staffing, team-based care, and changes to the delivery system.

The majority of PHCS improved the utilization of non-inpatient non-emergent services

• For non–behavioral health services, use of outpatient non-emergent services, including non-traditional services, increased, while use of emergency room (ER) and inpatient services decreased overall.
• For behavioral health services, outpatient mental health and substance abuse treatment services decreased, while mental health ER and crisis stabilization services and mental health inpatient service use increased overall.
• The share of services that were non-traditional increased.

PHCS are putting a strong foundation in place to deliver care for the remaining uninsured

• Although it is too early to determine whether PHCS are serving greater numbers of uninsured, they reported changing their mixes of services to emphasize providing non-traditional and preventive services to the uninsured.
• In program year 1, PHCS provided $1.25 billion in uninsured services, a small increase from the prior year. Uninsured costs decreased for nine PHCS and increased for only three.
• Federal payments to PHCS totaled $1.1 billion during program year 1 and covered 92.0 percent of uninsured uncompensated care costs of PHCS overall, which was an increase from the prior year. Federal payments covered the full cost of uninsured uncompensated care claimed by seven of the 12 PHCS.