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China's involvement with the Developing World encompasses political and diplomatic, economic, and military dimensions

• The Developing World offers China economic growth and global influence.
• Beijing has a growing challenge of protecting overseas citizens and investments.
• Southeast Asia is China's top priority economically and politically.

China's geostrategic relationships with pivotal states focus on anticipated bilateral and regional benefits

• China sees benefits in Malaysia (economic), Indonesia (political), Thailand (trustworthiness), and Vietnam (geostrategic risk).
• Russia concentrates on military activities and shares China's interests in countering terrorism and Western ideas of democracy and human rights.
• Pakistan assists China in internal security.
• Iran offers China a friend not beholden to the United States.
• The Republic of South Africa has a strong financial sector and rule of law.
• Venezuela's oil deposits have been attractive.

Consequences of the Chinese strategy toward the Developing World for the United States

• Washington and Beijing are contentious over Chinese activities in the South China Sea and China's insistence that U.S. military vessels and aircraft get permission prior to traversing disputed waters.
• Outside Southeast Asia, the United States and China appear to be partners in parallel: two states working separately with no collaboration but in pursuit of similar ends. Their relationship varies significantly by region.
• China is not an adversary but can harm U.S. global interests. A challenge remains as to whether and how to encourage China to act as a cooperative partner.