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The Q Lab approach is distinct from other health and social care improvement efforts

• The Q Lab's mechanisms, particularly its convening function, and its combination of principles of collaboration, creativity, time-boundedness and topic-specificity, distinguish it from other improvement approaches.

A dedicated Q Lab team and a range of stakeholders contributed to effective delivery

• Having a dedicated Q Lab team was likely essential in creating the momentum around the generation of ideas with the potential for impact. Engaging a range of stakeholders contributed to achieving a holistic understanding of the peer support challenge.

The varied engagement approach and networking opportunities were valued by Q Lab participants

• The Q Lab team successfully maintained engagement throughout the pilot Lab. Participants had different motivations and faced different barriers to engagement, but valued the relationships nurtured through the Q Lab.

There were benefits as well as the potential for tension in the links with Q, the Health Foundation and NHS Improvement

• The tight link between the Q Lab and Q benefitted the former, though there is a potential for tension given that membership for both initiatives is not directly linked. The financial support from the Health Foundation and NHS Improvement was vital to the Q Lab.

The Q Lab consolidated learning and knowledge on, and raised the profile of, peer support, and motivated participants to take action

• Notwithstanding these achievements, participants and stakeholders felt that the Q Lab may not have been able to achieve impact and spread locally and nationally in its pilot year.