全球智库信息集成服务系统

Violent and antisocial behaviour at football events is a phenomenon that has been observed in many parts of the world. However, there is a lack of research summarising and evaluating the evidence in this area in relation to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

A lack of high-quality research makes it difficult to establish an evidence-based strategy for the 2022 World Cup. More specifically:

• There is a lack of evidence relating to violent and antisocial behaviour at football events in Qatar. Without further research, it is unclear how far, if at all, the findings relating to other countries in the MENA region can be extended to Qatar.
• The applicability of the existing evidence to the 2022 World Cup is also limited in the sense that the majority of sources identified as part of this review focused on domestic rather than international football matches.
• There is a lack of evidence on the impact and effectiveness of strategies designed to prevent and reduce violent and antisocial behaviour at football matches in the MENA region.

To strengthen the evidence base in the run-up to 2022, the review highlights the need for additional research in these areas. This presents an opportunity for researchers in Qatar to contribute to inform the organisation of the 2022 World Cup.