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Abstract

A recent report from the RAND Arroyo Center draws on a mixture of primary and secondary sources and extensive interviews to tell the story of Israel’s military operations in Gaza from 2009 to 2014—operations that show how Israel was forced to adapt to hybrid adversaries in complex urban terrain. This brief summarizes that story and draws out the relevant lessons from Israel’s experience for the U.S. Army and the joint force.

For more than a decade, Israel has clashed with Hamas in Gaza, with cycles of violence defined by periods of intense fighting followed by relative lulls. This brief summarizes a report focusing on a five-year period of this conflict — from the end of Operation Cast Lead in 2009 to the end of Operation Protective Edge in 2014.