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This book is the first English-language collection of recent research on demographic, social, and environmental issues in Central America. The region's experience with ethnic and cultural identity provides food for thought for scholars concerned with the meaning of ethnicity and the consequences of cultural change. Countries in the region also have grapppled with the complex issues of promoting economic growth and reducing poverty while avoiding environmental destruction. The chapters in this volume provide important and often novel insights into these and many other demographic, social, and policy issues in the Central American Isthmus. For the first time in the English language, Central America's rich demographic history comes into focus in this volume. Editors Anne R. Pebley and Luis Rosero-Bixby provide the first and only English translations of works originally presented at the International Conference on the Population of the Central American Isthmus. The chapters in this volume offer insights on a broad range of subjects, including estimates of the indigenous population, differences in education and earnings, trends in fertility and maternal and child health, migration, the environment, and many other demographic, social, and policy issues in the region.