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This Perspective is the fourth in a series in which the authors argue for practical steps aimed at reaching a durable cessation of hostilities and separation of forces in Syria. As the international community continues to search for ways to resolve Syria's civil war, RAND researchers argue that an approach to reconstruction offered on a community-by-community basis could foster a bottom-up political process, help consolidate the peace, reduce the regime's reliance on Russia and Iran, and make the reemergence of a terrorist movement less likely. Such an approach offers a better prospect that at least some areas will see increased economic activity and political development, some refugees will return, and some progress can be made toward reform of the Syrian state.