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The concept of border management hinges on the tension between the need to prevent undesirable people and goods from crossing borders and the economic vitality that a country gains through trade and travel. Building on the concept of border management, this Perspective proposes opportunities to strengthen security while simultaneously improving the flow of licit travelers and goods through national policies, programs, regulations, and activities.

Lessons learned from border management efforts in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Niger, and Morocco provide three operational principles that should serve to guide efforts to develop the delicate balance inherent in border management. First, incorporating security and the licit flow of people and commerce should be considered for any border management system. Designing and building border management into systems is more effective and efficient when it is fully incorporated into border activities. Second, an integrated, layered approach to border management should be developed. No single physical structure or operational concept will be sufficient; rather, a comprehensive, integrated system; planning; appropriate equipment; and training and exercises are essential to border management. Finally, a national border management system requires establishing unity of effort across all relevant governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders with responsibilities or interests in what occurs at national borders.