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来源类型FEEM working papers "Note di lavoro" series
规范类型论文
Competitiveness and Leakage Concerns and Border Carbon Adjustments
ZhongXiang Zhang
发表日期2012
出处Climate Change and Sustainable Development
出版年2012
语种英语
摘要This paper provides a review of the literature on competitiveness and leakage concerns associated with differentiated climate abatement commitments among countries. The literature reviewed is not exhausted, but it is sufficient to provide a balanced view of both academics and policy circles. Section 2 discusses how to identify the sectors at a risk of carbon leakage. Section 3 examines ex ante estimates of potential carbon leakage rates, and explains why they differ from ex post results of environmental tax reforms and greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes that have been implemented in the European Union. Section 4 discusses broad policy options to address competitiveness and leakage concerns, and compares which anti-leakage policy, border adjustments or output-based allocation, is more effective to limiting carbon leakages or mitigating production loss in the sectors affected. Given that border carbon adjustment measures are incorporated in the U.S. proposed congressional climate bills to level the carbon playing field and could have potential conflicts with World Trade Organization (WTO) provisions and practical difficulties associated with their implementation, Section 5 discuses in great detail the WTO consistency, the effectiveness and methodological challenges of border carbon adjustment measures. The paper ends with some concluding remarks.
特色分类F18;F47;O13;O24;O31;O44;Q37;Q42;Q43;Q48;Q54;Q55;Q56;Q58;R13;R15
关键词Emission Trading Competitiveness Carbon Leakage Emissions Allowance Requirements Carbon Tariffs Border Carbon Adjustments Grandfathering Output-Based Allocation World Trade Organization
URLhttps://www.feem.it/en/publications/feem-working-papers-note-di-lavoro-series/competitiveness-and-leakage-concerns-and-border-carbon-adjustments/
来源智库Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (Italy)
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/118017
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
ZhongXiang Zhang. Competitiveness and Leakage Concerns and Border Carbon Adjustments. 2012.
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