| 来源类型 | Monograph (IIASA Interim Report)
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| 规范类型 | 报告
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| Universal Power Laws Govern Intermittent Rarity in Communities of Interacting Species. |
| Ferriere R; Cazelles B
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| 发表日期 | 1998
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| 出版者 | IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-98-095
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| 出版年 | 1998
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| 语种 | 英语
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| 摘要 | The temporal dynamics of many populations involve intermittent rarity, that is, the alternation, over variable periods of time, of phases of extremely low abundance, and short outbreaks. In this paper we show that intermittent rarity can arise in simple community models as a result of competitive interactions within and between species. Intermittently rare species are typified as weak invaders in fluctuating communities. Although the dynamics of intermittent rarity are highly irregular, the distribution of time spent in phases of rarity (`rarity times') involves strong regularity. Specifically, intermittent rarity is governed by a well-defined power law. The scaling exponent (-3/2) is a universal feature of intermittent rarity: it does not depend on species demographic parameters; it is insensitive to environmental stochasticity; and the same exponent is found in very different models of nonstructured populations. The distribution of rarity times implies that the dynamics of rarity have no characteristic timescale. Yet in practice the universal scaling law offers a general form of prediction in which one can calculate the frequency of occurrence of rarity phases of any given duration. Data on marine fish communities support the prediction of a -3/2 power law underlying the dynamics of intermittently rare species. The scale-free dynamics reported here place intermittent rarity in the same class as the critical states of other nonlinear dynamical systems in the physical sciences. At a critical state, general laws govern the systems' dynamics irrespective to the specific details of the interactions between constituents. |
| 主题 | Adaptive Dynamics Network (ADN)
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| 关键词 | Chaos
Community dynamics
Competition
Criticality
Franke-Yakubu model
Gatto model
Hochberg-Hawkins model
Intermittent rarity
Invasibility
Power law
Universal scaling
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| URL | http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/5557/
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| 来源智库 | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria)
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| 资源类型 | 智库出版物
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| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/124773
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推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
Ferriere R,Cazelles B. Universal Power Laws Govern Intermittent Rarity in Communities of Interacting Species.. 1998.
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文件名：
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IR-98-095.pdf
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格式：
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Adobe PDF
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