G2TT
来源类型Monograph (IIASA Interim Report)
规范类型报告
Mothers Adjust Egg Size to Helper Number in a Cooperatively Breeding Cichlid.
Taborsky B; Skubic E; Bruintjes R
发表日期2006
出版者IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: IR-06-056
出版年2006
语种英语
摘要Mothers should adjust the size of propagules to the selective forces to which these offspring will be exposed. Usually a larger propagule size is favored when mortality risk or competition for young are high. Here we test two predictions on how egg size should vary with these selective agents. When offspring are cared for by parents and/or alloparents, protection may reduce the predation risk to young, which may allow mothers to invest less per single offspring. In the cooperatively-breeding cichlid "Neolamprologus pulcher", brood care helpers protect group offspring and reduce the latters' mortality rate. Therefore females are expected to reduce their investment per egg when more helpers are present. In a first experiment, we tested this prediction by manipulating the helper number. In "N. pulcher" helpers compete for dispersal opportunities with similar-sized individuals of neighboring groups. If the expected future competition pressure on young is high, females should increase their investment per offspring to give them a headstart. In a second experiment, we tested whether females produce larger eggs when perceived neighbor density is high. Females indeed reduced egg size with increasing helper number. However, we did not detect an effect of local density on egg size, although females took longer to produce the next clutch when local density was high. We argue that females can use the energy saved by adjusting egg size to reduced predation risk to enhance future reproductive output. Adaptive adjustment of offspring size to helper number may be an important, as yet unrecognized strategy of cooperative breeders.
主题Evolution and Ecology (EEP)
关键词cooperative breeding, maternal effects, maternal investment, offspring size, intraspecific competition, cichlids
URLhttp://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8043/
来源智库International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria)
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/125502
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Taborsky B,Skubic E,Bruintjes R. Mothers Adjust Egg Size to Helper Number in a Cooperatively Breeding Cichlid.. 2006.
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