| 来源类型 | Article |
| 规范类型 | 其他 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00411.x |
| Economic recession and fertility in the developed world. | |
| Sobotka T; Skirbekk V; Philipov D | |
| 发表日期 | 2011 |
| 出处 | Population and Development Review 37 (2): 267-306 |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This article reviews research on the effects of economic recessions on fertility in the developed word. We study how economic downturns, as measured by various indicators, especially by declining GDP levels, falling consumer confidence, and rising unemployment, were found to affect fertility. We also discuss particular mechanisms through which the recession may have influenced fertility behavior, including the effects of economic uncertainty, falling income, changes in the housing market, and rising enrollment in higher education, and also factors that influence fertility indirectly such as declining marriage rates. Most studies find that fertility tends to be pro-cyclical and often rises and declines with the ups and downs of the business cycle. Usually, these aggregate effects are relatively small (typically, a few percentage points) and of short durations; in addition they often influence especially the timing of childbearing and in most cases do not leave an imprint on cohort fertility levels. Therefore, major long-term fertility shifts often continue seemingly uninterrupted during the recession-including the fertility declines before and during the Great Depression of the 1930s and before and during the oil shock crises of the 1970s. Changes in the opportunity costs of childbearing and fertility behavior during economic downturn vary by sex, age, social status, and number of children; childless young adults are usually most affected. Furthermore, various policies and institutions may modify or even reverse the relationship between recessions and fertility. The first evidence pertaining to the recent recession falls in line with these findings. In most countries, the recession has brought a decline in the number of births and fertility rates, often marking a sharp halt to the previous decade of rising fertility rates. |
| 主题 | World Population (POP) |
| 关键词 | Business cycle Childbearing Economic conditions Economic impact Fertility Financial crisis Gross Domestic Product Higher education Unemployment |
| URL | http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/9542/ |
| 来源智库 | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/129261 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Sobotka T,Skirbekk V,Philipov D. Economic recession and fertility in the developed world.. 2011. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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