| 来源类型 | Article |
| 规范类型 | 其他 |
| DOI | 10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015 |
| Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set. | |
| Eckhardt S; Quennehen B; Olivie DJL; Bernsten TK; Heyes C; Klimont Z | |
| 发表日期 | 2015 |
| 出处 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15 (16): 9413-9433 |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon (BC) and other aerosols in the Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long ben struggling to capture this seasonality and especially the high concentrations associated with Arctic Haze. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations from eleven different models driven with the same emission invntory against a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set over a time period of 2 years (2008-2009). The set of models consisted of one Lagrangian particle dispersion model, four chemistry transport models (CTMs), one atmospheric chemistry-weather forecast model and five chemistry climate models (CCMs), of which two were nudged to meteorological analyses and three were running freely. The measurement data set consisted of surface measurements of equivalent BC (eBC) from five stations (Alert, Barrow, Pallas, Tiksi and Zeppelin), elemental carbon (EC) from Station Nord and Alert and aircraft measurements of refractory BC (rBC) from six different campaigns. We find that the models generally captured the measured eBC or rBC and sulfate concentrations quite well compared to previous comparisons. However, the aerosol seasonality at the surface is still too weak in most model. Concentrations of eBC and sulfate averaged over three surface sites are underestimated in winter/spring in all but one model (model means for January-March underestimated by 59 and 37 % for BC and sulfate, respectivey), whereas concentrations in summer are overestimated in the model mean (by 88 and 44 % for July-Septembr), but with overestimates as well as underestimates present in individual models. The most pronounced eBC underestimates, not included in the above multi-site average, are found for the station Tiksi in Siberia where the measured annual mean eBC concentration is 3 times higher than the average annual mean for all other sations. This suggests an underestimate of BC sources in Russia in the emission inventory used. Based on the campain data, biomass burning was identified as another cause of the modeling problems. For sulfate, very large diferences were found in the model ensemble, with an apparent anti-correlation between modeled surface concentrations and total atmospheric columns. There is a strong correlation between observed sulfate and eBC concentrations wih consistent sulfate/eBC slopes found for all Arctic stations, indicating that the sources contributing to sulfate and BC are similar throughout the Arctic and that the aerosols are internally mixed and undergo similar removal. However only three models reproduced this finding, whereas sulfate and BC are weakly correlated in the other models. Overall, no class of models (e.g., CTMs, CCMs) performed better than the others and differences are independent of mode resolution. |
| 主题 | Air Quality & ; Greenhouse Gases (AIR) ; Mitigation of Air Pollution (MAG) |
| URL | http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/11368/ |
| 来源智库 | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/130172 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Eckhardt S,Quennehen B,Olivie DJL,et al. Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set.. 2015. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| acp-15-9413-2015.pdf（911KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
