Dikgang, Johane, Anthony Leiman and Martine Visser. 2012. “Analysis of the plastic-bag levy in South Africa.” Resources Conservation and Recycling 66: 59-65.
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In an attempt to control the environmental problems posed by plastic shopping bags, the South Africa government combined elements of regulation with a levy per bag, similar to that applied by the Irish.
Charging for bags commenced in May 2003 with a fixed nominal price of 46 rand cents for 24-l bags across all retailers, which was subsequently lowered. The levy charged had only short run success. Over time, the effectiveness of the levy has continued declining despite its comprehensive application at checkout points.
Dikgang, Johane 
Leiman, Anthony 
Visser, Martine - South Africa
Center of origin
- Policy Design