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Oil and gas activity is currently the largest resource industry in British Columbia, in terms of resource revenue to government and arguably also in terms of impact on the environment.

The first step in the oil and gas development process is the sale of tenures - or subsurface rights. In recent years the tenure system has been coming into conflict with communities, strongly held public environmental values and First Nations legal rights. Government is conflicted because it relies on the resource revenues from auctioning tenures, but at the same time is under pressure to respond to environmental and wildlife impacts.