| 来源类型 | Research Reports |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| Integrated management strategies for estuarine environments in Korea | |
| Lee, Chang-Hee | |
| 发表日期 | 2001-12-30 |
| 出版年 | 2001 |
| 语种 | 英语 ; Korean |
| 摘要 | Estuaries and coastal lagoons (estuarine environments) are typical transitional ecosystems between land and sea, where sea water is mixed with fresh water. It is well known that estuarine environments are very valuable ecosystems because of their unique ecological functions and geographical features, as well as socioeconomic values. These precious estuaries have, however, have become severely deteriorated and damaged by human activities through watersheds and intensive coastal developments. In this respect, this study aims to develop integrated management strategies for protection, improvement, and restoration of estuarine environments that would support sustainable uses of those precious natural resources. 1. Management Strategies for Estuaries An assessment of environmental and socioeconomic conditions of 17 major estuaries in Korea indicated that most large estuaries have been extensively developed with poor environmental quality. Habitat losses were the major problem facing estuarine environments in Korea. It was estimated that about 30% of current estuarine habitats would be lost in next 10 years. Water qualities in coastal reservoirs formed by river-mouth dikes were also deteriorating, with a water quality of grade IV in terms of COD. Nutrient concentrations in coastal waters including the reservoirs exceeded the eutrophic level that causes harmful algal blooms. It was also predicted that nutrient concentrations in the coastal waters would consistently increase unless special nutrient reduction measures were implemented promptly. Estuary management capacities and efforts, however, seemed to be very limited mainly due to fragmented management systems, sectoral responsibilities and roles, and after-treatment management approaches. Two major management problems identified were the lack of strategies to protect the integrity of estuaries from increasing development and the lack of knowledge and information basis to establish sound management strategies. A new management framework based on integrated watershed approaches, therefore, is necessary to overcome those problems. Developed countries, including the USA, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan, recognized the importance of estuaries early, and have established various statutory or non-statutory estuary programs to protect, improve, and restore estuaries. A common feature found in the estuary programs of those countries was that all the estuary management programs adopted a watershed concept characterized by integrated, incremental, and iterative approaches. Recently, estuary management has taken more aggressive tactics. For example, the USA enacted the 'Estuary Restoration Act of 2000' and established an ambitious plan to restore 4,000km2 of estuarine habitats by the year 2010. This study has developed estuarine environmental management strategies based on the assessment results on environmental and socioeconomic conditions of estuarine regions and experiences of other countries in estuary management. The 'creation of diverse, abundant, and productive estuaries' and 3I(Integrated, Incremental, and Iterative) approaches were suggested to pursue the long-term vision. Furthermore, estuary management targets and associated implementation measures were identified for four major management sectors: protection and conservation of valuable estuaries, improvement of deteriorated environmental conditions, restoration of estuarine habitats, and establishment of watershed-based estuary management systems. (Figure) Since environmental and socioeconomic conditions of individual estuaries are quite different, the strategies need to be estuary-specific. In the management perspectives, therefore, 17 estuaries were classified into several different management types using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) evaluation technique. The Sumjin River Estuary, one of a few major natural estuaries left in Korea, was selected as a demonstration |
| 来源智库 | Korea Evironment Institute (Republic of Korea) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/197857 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lee, Chang-Hee. Integrated management strategies for estuarine environments in Korea. 2001. |
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