| 来源类型 | Green Policy |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| International Trends in GHG Reduction Policies and their Implications | |
| Kim, Yong-Gun | |
| 发表日期 | 2012-12-31 |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 语种 | 英语 ; Korean |
| 摘要 | Many countries have announced greenhouse-gas (GHG) emission reduction targets before or after the Copenhagen UNFCCC conference held in 2009. Since then, most major countries have been adopting various kinds of GHG reduction policies that are customized according to country circumstances, in order to meet their reduction targets. Korea has also announced that it will reduce GHG emissions by 30% compared to the baseline scenario by 2020. To achieve this reduction target, Korea plans to implement an emission trading scheme (ETS) in 2015. In consideration of Korea's current effort for transition to a low carbon society, now is the time to look into international trends in GHG reduction polices. This study analyzes the GHG reduction policies of 6 major countries of the UK, Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, and the USA, as well as European Union (EU), in order to investigate policy implications that may contribute to designing the Korean scheme. This study particularly overviews an economy-wide policy mix of the nations, rather than dealing with specific policies targeting energy-intensive sectors such as an ETS or a carbon tax. The EU has been implementing a region-wide ETS since 2005, and some countries of the EU have also adopted carbon/energy taxes as a key measure to reduce GHG emissions. Surpassing other EU countries, the UK is the leading country in that it has legally bound a long-term reduction target through the enactment of 「Climate Change Act 2008」for the first time in the world and has implemented a policy package that includes carbon budgets, which is a phased approach for meeting the reduction target, the climate change levy, and other complementary policies to achieve the target. New Zealand has also adopted a nationwide ETS since 2009, and in the USA, the regional ETS such as RGGI and WCI are now underway. Beginning this year, Australia has started a carbon pricing mechanism, which is the combined mechanism of a carbon tax and an ETS. Meanwhile, Japan has launched a global warming tax for the first time in Asia last October. It is also currently reviewing GHG reduction plans and scenarios by the influence of the explosion of nuclear power generation that happened last year. Additionally, China who is the world largest emitter has set up the carbon intensity reduction target for 2020 in 2009 and plans to implement a nationwide ETS in 2016 while being currently under a pilot program with major provinces. These trends tell us that there is an international movement for transition toward a low carbon society, and it has led to the implementation of a diverse mix of command and control, market-based, and self-regulated reduction policies. Countries pursue to not only maximize the policy effects but also complement the side-effects of individual policy through the policy mix, as well as to cover all economic sectors. ETS and carbon/energy taxes are the key reduction policies that countries implement for emission reduction, and the countries also adopt complementary measures such as energy efficiency standards, dissemination targets for renewable energy, grants and loans for low carbon technology, voluntary agreements, and so on. The common characteristics found here are that countries not only adopt regulations, but also provide economic incentives to attract voluntary actions from stakeholders, and take an integrated approach through the adoption of policy packages that include various mixes of policies and measures according to national circumstances to create a synergy effect. |
| 来源智库 | Korea Evironment Institute (Republic of Korea) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/198609 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Kim, Yong-Gun. International Trends in GHG Reduction Policies and their Implications. 2012. |
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| ë ¹ìì ì± 2012_06_（4499KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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