| 来源类型 | Report |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| Europe’s populist challenge: Origins, supporters, and responses | |
| Dalibor Rohac; Matt Browne; Carolyn Kenney | |
| 发表日期 | 2018-05-10 |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Key Points Although authoritarian populism is not new to Europe, during the past decade such platforms have moved from the fringes of the political landscape to its core, oftentimes marginalizing established centrist parties that used to dominate European politics for decades. In the most recent round of parliamentary elections, around a fifth of Europe’s electorate voted for a left- or right-wing populist party. Poland and Hungary offer two examples of authoritarian populist parties that came to power with substantial popular mandates and opted for a dramatic political and institutional transformation in an authoritarian direction – curtailing independent judiciary, free media, and civil society. A strict distinction between economic and cultural factors behind populist vote is not tenable as economic insecurity and the perception of the economy as a zero sum game easily translate into social and political polarization, intolerance, and chauvinism. To revitalize the political center in Europe, it will be necessary to change the existing approach to politics, avoid unnecessary head-on confrontations with voters (e.g. over immigration), steer away from elite condescension, harness the power of healthy patriotism, and strengthen independent institutions, especially the judiciary. However, solutions will always be local and plural, never universal and all-encompassing. Download the PDF. Introduction Authoritarian populism is not new to Europe. Numerous political parties on the far right and the far left have long called for a radical overhaul of Europe’s political and economic institutions. What is new is that, in the past decade, such parties have moved from the margins of Europe’s political landscape to its core. As the historic memories of World War II and Soviet communism fade, so has the social stigma previously associated with advocating for policy agendas that destroy democratic institutions and human lives. What is more, the parties themselves have undergone dramatic changes and spurred a wave of political innovation. New populist movements have emerged, defying old ideological categories. Old populist groups have changed too, sometimes dramatically. Instead of stale ideological proselytizing, populists now offer excitement and rebellion — and use cutting-edge social media strategies to do so. Although populism and authoritarianism are conceptually separate, they often go together in practice. After the global economic downturn of 2008, the vote share of authoritarian populist parties in Europe increased dramatically. Elections have ushered such parties into government — most notably in Hungary and Poland — providing the first real-world indications of how modern authoritarian populists behave when in power. The record is not encouraging. In each country affected, checks and balances and the judiciary have been weakened, and governments have sought to silence opposition voices in media and civil society. The changing political landscape has also prompted a response from mainstream politicians. Some have tried to use elements of populist political messaging to capture the segments of the electorate disenchanted with conventional center-left and center-right politics. Others have tried to imitate the appeal of populists by adopting their substantive promises on immigration, the economy, and national sovereignty. This report examines the drivers of populist support, focusing first on the current state of play before endeavoring to understand the reasons for populism’s resurgence in Europe. It then offers a series of policy recommendations that policymakers can use to fight back. Although the jury is still out on which political strategies work in which contexts, reconnecting European voters with mainstream politics is a critical part of addressing the challenge that authoritarian populism poses. The report was inspired by conversations with academics, strategists, and policymakers, which were held in early 2018 at workshops convened jointly by the Center for American Progress (CAP) and the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) in Florence and Prague under the auspices of our common project, “Defending Democracy and Underwriting the Transatlantic Partnership.” |
| 主题 | Europe and Eurasia |
| 标签 | authoritarian populism ; Defending Democracy ; European Union (EU) ; populism |
| URL | https://www.aei.org/research-products/report/europes-populist-challenge-origins-supporters-and-responses/ |
| 来源智库 | American Enterprise Institute (United States) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/206546 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Dalibor Rohac,Matt Browne,Carolyn Kenney. Europe’s populist challenge: Origins, supporters, and responses. 2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| EuroPopulism-report.（620KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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