| 来源类型 | Article |
| 规范类型 | 评论 |
| America needs workforce with technology skills for the future | |
| Aparna Mathur; Christos Makridis | |
| 发表日期 | 2018-05-25 |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The White House recently hosted a technology summit to discuss the potential challenges and opportunities posed by artificial intelligence (AI). While AI has been successful in delivering benefits to people in healthcare, food delivery, energy and transportation, there exists widespread concern that AI will make several types of jobs obsolete, including in traditionally high skilled sectors like finance. As such, it is more important than ever to teach the American workforce to take advantage of AI through new skills and technical learning programs. But what should the actual programs look like? The answer isn’t obvious given that the relative earnings power of a college degree has been flattening in recent years. If college isn’t enough, then what is? A new study offers some hope. One of us and a coauthor have developed an index, based on Department of Labor survey data, which allows jobs to be classified as IT (Information Technology) and non-IT intensive. We apply the classification to monthly data on hourly wages among individuals from the Current Population Survey (CPS) between 2000 and March 2018. This yields some interesting findings. The first is that while much has been made of the decline in manufacturing jobs over the last several decades due to automation and offshoring, we now have a few analyses of what replaced those jobs. The data show that between 1980 and 2015, automation may have led to job destruction, but it also increased job creation elsewhere. While previously employed workers in manufacturing struggled due to the loss of traditional jobs, IT-intensive jobs fared quite well over these years. Even within manufacturing, nearly all of the lost jobs were in low-IT intensity areas. Manufacturing itself became more high tech, leading to a much greater demand for workers with computing and technical skills. A second related point is about earnings. College-educated workers earn more per hour worked in a week, relative to their non-college educated counterparts, in both IT and non-IT intensive jobs. Although college-educated workers earn more than their counterparts, those working in IT earn 3 percent more than college-educated workers in non-IT jobs. Moreover, the gap has widened significantly since the financial crisis. Differences in compensation and labor utilization reflect an increasing demand for workers in IT-intensive jobs. If the United States wants to capitalize on the opportunities created by AI, companies and policymakers need to think critically about how to encourage workers to invest in new skills and become lifelong learners. General familiarity with computers and IT is becoming a requirement for workers. The traditional model of a four-year college degree as the pathway to a middle class lifestyle does work, but only up to a point. Continuing investments in skills training through paid apprenticeship programs, or regular retraining programs within firms, as well as a focus on STEM education are much more important. In addition, educational institutions will increasingly need to train students to become adaptive and flexible learners in their careers so as to remain technologically competitive. Technological change may be inevitable. But our response to it will determine whether it is a boon or a curse for a vast majority of American workers. |
| 主题 | Economics ; US Labor Market |
| 标签 | Automation ; Career and technical education ; Human Dignity Project ; jobs ; Manufacturing ; New Skills Marketplace ; STEM ; Technological unemployment |
| URL | https://www.aei.org/articles/america-needs-workforce-with-technology-skills-for-the-future/ |
| 来源智库 | American Enterprise Institute (United States) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/264138 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Aparna Mathur,Christos Makridis. America needs workforce with technology skills for the future. 2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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