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- Major source of log production in Indonesia has shifted from logging concession (mainly Meranti) to industrial tree plantations (mainly Acacia) and tree-farming (mainly Sengon) in past two decades.
- Natural forest logging concession can produce valuable logs and maintain high levels of biodiversity. Continued efforts are needed to achieve sustainability.
- Industrial tree plantations are highly productive by volume, but this wood is mostly for chip and pulp and cannot substitute for the high-value timber from natural forest.
- Tree-farming by small-holders outside the Forest Zone has become an alternative source for sawn-wood and plywood, and is growing.