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Develops an analysis of the Joint Forest Management approach in India in relation to current and potential "resource sharing" initiatives in forest reserves in Zimbabwe. Whilst noting major differences in forestry context between the two countries, there are a number of lessons for Zimbabwe which have been learnt the hard way in India. The authors discuss the influence of policy, the roles of local institutions and mediating NGOs, and the incentives for local involvement. The paper concludes that a re-orientation is required in the resource sharing scheme, from forest protection towards greater community control through negotiation of rights and responsibilities of communities, the state and local institutions.