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来源类型Discussion paper
规范类型其他
ISBN978-1-84369-126-6
来源ID8093IIED
Economic inequality and the urban environment: the case for water and sanitation
N Johnstone
发表日期1997
出处Env. Economics Discussion Paper 97-03
出版者IIED
出版年1997
语种英语
摘要

This paper looks at the relationship between economic inequality and urban environmental quality in developing countries, with specific reference to the provision of water and sanitation services. The paper explores the consequences of 'dual' systems, in which a proportion of a city’s residents are served by subsidised 'town' water and sanitation facilities, whilst another section of the city has been forced to develop a variety of 'on-site' strategies through their own efforts. A number of conclusions are reached: firstly, it is argued that poorer households are generally more adversely affected by low levels of provision and that standard project evaluation techniques perpetuate this bias; secondly, the cost structure of service provision implies that equal access to a standardised system is more efficient than the differentiated levels of access and treatment which prevail; and, thirdly, it is argued that access to water and sanitation and the means by which such systems are financed can be one of the most significant and effective means of distributing resources in the urban context.

URLhttps://pubs.iied.org/8093IIED/?c=econ&p=23
来源智库International Institute for Environment and Development (United Kingdom)
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/313187
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GB/T 7714
N Johnstone. Economic inequality and the urban environment: the case for water and sanitation. 1997.
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