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来源类型 | Discussion paper |
规范类型 | 其他 |
ISBN | 978-1-84369-126-6 |
来源ID | 8093IIED |
Economic inequality and the urban environment: the case for water and sanitation | |
N Johnstone | |
发表日期 | 1997 |
出处 | Env. Economics Discussion Paper 97-03 |
出版者 | IIED |
出版年 | 1997 |
语种 | 英语 |
摘要 | This paper looks at the relationship between economic inequality and urban environmental quality in developing countries, with specific reference to the provision of water and sanitation services. The paper explores the consequences of 'dual' systems, in which a proportion of a city’s residents are served by subsidised 'town' water and sanitation facilities, whilst another section of the city has been forced to develop a variety of 'on-site' strategies through their own efforts. A number of conclusions are reached: firstly, it is argued that poorer households are generally more adversely affected by low levels of provision and that standard project evaluation techniques perpetuate this bias; secondly, the cost structure of service provision implies that equal access to a standardised system is more efficient than the differentiated levels of access and treatment which prevail; and, thirdly, it is argued that access to water and sanitation and the means by which such systems are financed can be one of the most significant and effective means of distributing resources in the urban context. |
URL | https://pubs.iied.org/8093IIED/?c=econ&p=23 |
来源智库 | International Institute for Environment and Development (United Kingdom) |
资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/313187 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | N Johnstone. Economic inequality and the urban environment: the case for water and sanitation. 1997. |
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8093IIED.pdf(66KB) | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 |
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