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This paper analyses the soil fertility management practices employed by farmers in the Meket district of North Wollo, Ethiopia. The environment is severely degraded, and people have to cope with frequent droughts and chronic food insecurity. As many households do not own any livestock, the only option left to poorer farmers is to migrate in search of employment. This study examines how farmers with varying resource endowments manage soils in three different agro-ecological settings: the highlands, the mid-altitude zone and the lowlands.