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Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of policies, plans and programmes is a rapidly evolving field. New approaches and areas of application are emerging all the time - particularly in the fields of development cooperation and international trade. Despite much recent progress, there is still much to do make SEA effective and more widely applied. This review has been prepared in response to these trends and to support recent initiatives to address SEA frameworks and tools that can be applied by international agencies in their work. This review also intends to support a UNEP programme, initiated in 2003, on integrated assessment and planning (IAP) for sustainable development.