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The creation and consolidation of associations based around small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in frontier areas are often an attempt to overcome poverty and disadvantages of political marginalization. These associations of marginalized migrants, dependent on both agricultural and forest resources can therefore play major role in enhancing sustainable livelihoods in many rural areas. The formation and function of these associations is the focus of this report. Through interviews with association leaders this report describes and analyses 12 associations now active at the forest frontier in Amazônia. The report’s objective is to assess what characteristics determine a “good” or successful association.