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This report covers an international meeting convened by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) on 27 September 2006. The purpose of the meeting was to focus on options for small and medium forest enterprises (SMFEs) to distinguish their products in the market place – resulting in fairer trade for greater sustainability and livelihood returns. The meeting aimed to strengthen an emerging alliance on ‘pro-poor forestry’. The meeting focused on options for practical schemes that will enable socially responsible SMFEs to be more sustainable and competitive, to trade more, distinguish their products in the market place, and reap greater rewards for their socially and environmentally responsible practice. It paid particular attention to the potential within existing fair trade and forest certification schemes. The meeting involved 25 participants from Brazil, Ecuador, Germany, Kenya, the Netherlands, Papua, New Guinea, Peru, Switzerland, UK and the USA. Participants had been invited and encouraged to bring written submissions that highlight: opportunities, constraints, options for systems to make progress. Annex 2 contains these background submissions.