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This paper draws from research on rural-urban linkages conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, with particular attention to work in northern Tanzania. The research explored ways in which mobility and migration intersect, changing relations between rural and urban areas, people and activities, and in the process transforming livelihoods and power inequalities at both intra and inter-household levels.

Gender and generation are important factors in the exploration of rural-urban linkages affecting who migrates, their patterns of migration and their reasons for leaving their home settlements as well as continued linkages to their families. The gender and generation lens is crucial to understanding individual experiences but it also enables researchers and policy makers to see households and communities in three rather than two dimensions, with a great diversity of desires and expectations among their members and related power struggles.