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Urban food security is an increasingly urgent priority in the face of climate change, rising food prices and growing urban populations. Most at risk are residents of low-income settlements within low- and middle-income countries. Increasing food production within urban areas has limited potential, but urban planning can play a major role by providing effective transport links, food storage facilities, adequate water and sanitation infrastructure and waste management. Local governments’ support to community-led initiatives to improve food access and safety can greatly reduce food insecurity, and contribute to greater resilience to the impacts of climate change.