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Since 2012, IIED has been leading the ‘Testing REDD+’ project in Mozambique’s Beira Corridor, across the provinces of Sofala, Manica and Zambezia. The project has involved both research and delivering REDD+ ‘on the ground’ through local partners. This document discusses how smallholder activities are driving deforestation in the Beira Corridor and proposes solutions. It provides a socioeconomic baseline against which to measure progress. However, although the discussion here is on smallholders, and our work confirms their significant cumulative contribution to deforestation and forest degradation, it is important to remember that investments in large scale land use changes, in this landscape and elsewhere, are also very important causes of deforestation.