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This manual provides detailed guidance for implementing the ‘Local communities: First Line of Defence against illegal wildlife trade (FLoD)’ methodology.

The FLoD methodology is designed to articulate, contrast and compare the assumptions, perceptions, and logic flows of communities and project designers/implementers that are engaging in projects to combat illegal wildlife trade (IWT). It is a multi-stakeholder action research approach designed for use by an independent team working with communities, local stakeholders and project designers or implementers (whether these are NGOs, government, community-based organisations or donors).

It provides an adaptive approach to help build community engagement in anti-IWT initiatives, through a deep interrogation of the logic of designers, implementers and communities, as well as their motivations and assumptions. The methodology aims to provide information to help better align interventions and strengthen community participation.

Digital versions of the individual tools shown in Annex 1 can be downloaded at: www.iucn.org/flod