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The overarching objective of the UNFCCC – to stabilise emissions at levels and within a timeframe that will allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner – is, in fact, to avoid loss and damage.
Monitoring loss and damage therefore provides a measure of the overall effectiveness of global (mitigation and adaptation) efforts. Mitigation efforts are the primary way of avoiding and minimising loss and damage – the lower the mitigation ambition, the greater the risk of loss and damage. Where mitigation ambition is not high enough, adaptation efforts can help avert or minimise loss and damage.
This thematic guide was developed to provide negotiators and other stakeholders with a brief history of the negotiations on loss and damage; a ready reference to the key decisions that have already been adopted; and a brief analysis of the outstanding issues from a developing country perspective.