| 摘要 |
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The DPR Korea (North Korea) has suffered from serious shortage of energy supply which in turn jeopardized its economy over the last decade. The downturn of the energy sector in the country is a combined result of significant cut of subsidized oil supply from the Former Soviet Union and China since the late 1980's, failure to maintain and modernize energy infrastructure, the impacts of natural disasters, and inefficient energy production. Given the lack of capitals and technologies to rehabilitate its energy system, North Korea is desperately in need of international cooperation with other countries, in particular, the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Russia, China, Japan, the United States, and the European Union, and with the relevant international organizations as well.
Policy recommendations for North Korea to fundamentally resolve the energy crisis include:
1) Abandoning its long-pursued economic policy of
self-reliance
and opening the energy system to commercial energy supply from overseas,
2)Establishing market mechanism for energy and creating energy market by introducing energy pricing and tax systems and reforming energy legal structures,
3) Promoting active cooperation with South Korea and other countries for rehabilitation of the existing energy facilities as well as for expansion of energy system by de-coupling the energy issues from the politics and accommodating foreign investments,
4) Adopting cost-effective energy options in recovering energy system in the short term by particularly increasing role of petroleum in energy mix in parallel of pursuing new and renewable energy and natural gas with the medium-long term goals, and
5) Strengthening energy policy making capability by improving energy statistics and modeling infrastructure and training energy experts and scientists.
For the promotion of international energy cooperation, North Korea is required to:
1) Closely consult with South Korea in reconstructing the energy system, so that the energy systems of both Koreas can be integrated into mutually compatible single system in future.
2) Accept demand from the international community for military and security concerns transparently, and actively participate in international energy cooperation activities in pursuit of the membership of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), other international financing organizations, and multilateral regional energy cooperation bodies in Northeast Asia.
3) Enhance capacity building for introducing market mechanism in the energy sector by promoting international cooperation in the areas of training and educating energy experts, jointly undertaking energy project feasibility studies, and policy making capability.
119 pages, 39 refs., 1 fig., 20 tabs., Language: Korean |
