| 摘要 |
Global efforts to curb the climate change have been accelerated since the adoption of the Climate Change Convention in 1992, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Marrakech Accords in 2001. Equity is one of the most sensitive issues among countries in the climate negotiation. Recently, issue of participation of developing countries is being seriously debated in designing international regime to control global carbon dioxide emissions. Discussion on reduction of greenhouse gases centers on three axis, i.e., environmental effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and equitable burden sharing. Carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, is emitted from burning of fossil fuel. Since fossil fuel is indispensable in modern economy, reduction of carbon dioxide may lead to economic losses and burden. Consequently, fair burden sharing of emissions reduction is an important element in designing global strategies to the climate change.
Korea, being Non-annex I country under the Convention and the Protocol, is being exempted from the obligation of the emissions reduction. However, many developed countries urge Korea to join the obligation comparable to that of the developed countries.
This study analyzes the carbon dioxide emissions data for 135 countries since 1961, and discusses future projection of major countries for the next twenty years.
This study, then, turns attention to the major aim of the study, which is to develop and apply the seven burden sharing formulae and quantify burden shares.
Our burden sharing formulae reflect various equity principles, i.e. egalitarian, ability to pay, and sovereignty principles. In addition, included is carbon intensity formula, which reflects carbon reduction opportunities in the country.
Summaries of the findings are as follows. Burdens are drastically shifted from developed countries to developing countries when 'carbon intensity formula' replaces 'equal per capital emission formula'.
Under the 'equal per capital emission formula', developed countries need to reduce sharply their emissions, allowing developing countries increase their emissions.
Under the 'carbon intensity formula', developed countries, relatively low intensity, could increase their emissions. 'Per capita GDP formula' is situated between 'equal per capital emission formula' and 'carbon intensity formula'.
'Carbon intensity formula' is found to be most favorable to Korea, while 'equal per capital emission formula' is the least favorable. Share of reduction burden is estimated to be between 1 and 2 percent of the total global reduction.
As tenth in total emissions, Korea needs to prepare assuming some mitigation burden in the near future. Further investigation on carbon intensity and its components will prove to be useful for Korea in the next stage.
137 pages, 44 refs., 36 tabs., Language: Korean |
