| 摘要 | ��
1. Research Purpose
This study is to suggest several policy options to promote renewable- powered electricity generation through green pricing and grid-connection. The Korean government recently sets a goal of supplying 7% of power consumption with renewable energies by 2011. However, existing spread policies on renewable energy has put an emphasis on only supplying also codes and standards for grid-connection of distributed generation have not been prepared yet, though legal basis is necessary to settle renewable energy as a regular source for power generation. Except for fuel cells and biomass, most of the renewables such as wind, temperature, solar insolation are dependent on climate conditions, which makes it difficult to control power output compared to traditional generation systems. For this reason, it is more effective to operate them as a grid-connected generator rather than a stand-alone one. Considering these factors, the Korean government is beginning to design a legal basis and practical measures in connecting renewable-powered generation facilities to the grid system.
2. Summary
Major findings in green pricing are as follows :
Firstly, we found out that which renewable energy is selected is the most important to decide the premium dependent on a kind of renewable energy. Secondly, in order to obtain the consumers trust, facilities should provide information about renewable energy to them. They are employing the RECS(Renewable Energy Certificate System) certificated by a neutral organization. Finally, for effective marketing strategies, facilities need to segment the market, develop products and advertise the green power providing RE information for consumers. The follows are found by the survey of consumers's willingness to pay for green electricity: Firstly, in case of collective payment, the advertisement is the core because the respondents' support to the 'green pricing' depends on what extent they know about renewable energy to. Secondly, there is strong correlation between a supporting 'green pricing' and an environmentally-friendly attitude. Respondents accustomed to environmentally-friendly activities present higher willingness to pay. This explains that the concerted effort 'environmental NGOs', 'energy NGOs' and 'organic NGOs' is necessary to settle green power market. In case of greed-connection, major findings are as follows: Firstly, in most cases, distributed generatiors are required to pay the costs incurred in connecting their facilities to the distribution grid system with no exception even for renewables. Secondly, grid-connection is in the jurisdiction of the federal government while distribution system is in the jurisdiction of a state government or a local autonomy. The federal government in cooperation with relevant agencies designs a set of codes and standards for interconnection, based on which state and local public utilities commissions or individual electric utilities design their own codes and standards. Thirdly, a "cost-payer principle" is applied in most countries examined, specifying that a party of connecting its facility to the grid is required to pay the costs incurred, depending on whether deep-connected or shallow-connected. Fourthly, a number of countries offer a series of incentives to a grid or a distribution system operator to promote renewable-powered electricity facilities. In the case of Korea, a cost-payer principle is currently applied in the grid-interconnection and strict rules and specifications are practiced to protect and maintain a stable operation of the grid system.
3. Research Results & Policy Suggestions
The examination on the cases of developed countries and the domestic condition explains that the commercialization of green power and the establishment of related regimes for it are required to introduce and operate 'green pricing'. For the commercialization, the government should require the facilities to release the information that contains energy mix, the location of power plants, and expenditure of the premium. It is necessary to discuss about the what extent the information should be provided to with 'Korean Electric Power Corporation(KEPC)', 'environmental NGOs', 'energy NGOs' and 'consumer NGOs'. It should be obligatory that not only the retail product of 'green power' but also the wholesale product generated in renewable energy plants are certificated by trust-worthy authorities. To avoid collision with the present Feed-in-Tariff, KEPC should secure green power sources excluded from the financial support by the present Feed-in-Tariff or indirectly obtain the green power facilities by providing premium profit from green power sales to the fund of Feed-in-Tariff.
When RPS is introduced, green power premium should be earmarked to purchase renewable energy power more than mandatory ratio. In examining the Korean situation in interconnection between the grid system and renewable-powered generators such as wind farms and PV systems, costs are contingent upon geographical conditions as well as scales of power generation. Interconnection fees are in the range between 4% and 20% of the total capital investment. This cost level is not discouraging in light of the analysis in this study. Nevertheless, the current technical standards of grid interconnection should be lowered in order for renewable energies to be promoted as a distributed generation option. The optimal level should be decided based on the impact analysis of the current practices in terms of technical and cost burden on both power generators and grid operators. Furthermore, the overall impact on a society and the beneficiaries of the interconnection should be studied in setting the direction of supporting the activities in connecting renewable power generating facilities to grid systems. Such an analytical approach helps in deciding which party has to pay what part of the cost incurred in interconnection. In addition, other government programs such as feed-in tariff, subsidies, and financial incentives should be reflected in working out the level and scope of supporting interconnection costs.
242 pages., 90 refs., 25 figs., 58 tabs. |
