| 摘要 | ��
��
1.
Research Background and Purpose
Recently, climate change has been one of the essential issues in the world. The rise of the global temperature by global warming, abnormal changes in climate, rising high oil price and the endangered energy security due to depletion of fossil fuel paved the way for the international society to start to recognize climate change as its own issue. Currently, every country all around world regards climate change as a serious and urgent issue which human should solve in a collaboration with each other. As the demand of the international society for Korea to reduce greenhouse gas emissions grows, there will be a higher possibility that Korea also has no choice but to accept the binding commitment to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions under the post-Kyoto scheme.
On the other hand, differently from the passive attitude considering climate change as an additional burden in the past, many countries have begun taking a positive attitude regarding climate change as a new growth engine. Especially, global economic downturn incurred by financial crisis triggered the shift of such recognition. Every country pays attention to green energy industry as an alternative solution to address not only climate change but also economic depression at the same time. Additionally, with the expectation that green energy market will grow dramatically every country is more and more reinforcing supports to preempt future green energy market in advance.
With every country��s active movement to preoccupy green energy market, Korean government adopted ��low carbon green growth�� strategy in past 2008 as a new national development paradigm and to promote and has supported green energy industry. As a part of the plan, government adopted ��green energy industry development strategy�� in 2008 and showed the strong will to promote green energy industry such as solar power, wind power, etc.
Despite many discussions over low carbon green growth, however, the governmental plan has been subject to many criticism which says that it remains in a declaratory level without detailed action plans. In other words, the current plan to promote green energy industry lacks ��how to�� realize green energy industrialization. Thus, it is time to find the way to promote green energy industry more systematically and concretely.
At this point, it should be paid an attention to the fact that the actual principal to pursue the spread and industrialization of green technology is ��region��. The regional action plan needs to be established in order to build up the foundation for green industry and activate the related industry. The detailed plan in the regional level needs to be established to induce the participation of the locals, and satisfy the demand of the locals. Besides, the regional level participation through the intimate cooperative relationship between the central government and locals is necessary.
By the way, the competition between individual regions, as it reflects the recent interest in the climate change and green growth, becomes severe day by day. The possibility of wasteful and duplicative investments appears around some green energy sources such as solar power and wind power. In addition, policies not going well with regional characteristics and conditions tend to be implemented more and more. Such duplicated investments among regions can deter growth potentials of domestic green industry.
This seems to mainly result from the fact that the consideration over ��region�� is excluded in the current green energy industry policy fundamentally. Thus, regional plans for green energy industrialization should reflect local demands and simultaneously be adjusted in an unified and efficient way. The growth potentials of green energy industry in Korea will be maximized when the individual plans for green energy industrialization, which reflects the individual regional specificities and conditions, develop in a coordinated and balanced way.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze domestic potentials for green energy industrialization in view of region and suggest the direction of green energy industrialization reflecting regional characteristics and conditions. Particularly, The research helps to establish the detailed action plans in a regional level avoiding some inefficiencies by duplicative investments and reflecting voluntary needs of individual regions. Additionally, this research would like to contribute to the systematic and unified green industrialization policy through rigorous analysis on green energy potentials for individual regions and propose the differentiated policy for green energy industrialization reflecting regional characteristics and conditions. Decreasing inefficiency from the wasteful and duplicative competition between regions, this may contribute to the maximization of growth potentials of green energy industry in Korea.
2.
Research Results and Policy Implications
This research follows a bottom-up approach by regional analysis which analyze the potentials for regional green energy industrialization through some indices such as the regional energy and resources potentials, the related industrial infrastructure and technology innovation competency, and evaluate regional green energy industrialization implementation plans through analytical hierarchial process method.
Before evaluating the current green industrialization implementation plans pushed ahead by individual regions, this research first analyzes the regional potentials for green energy industrialization of the domestic sixteen local governments. Regional renewable energy potentials, technological innovation elements associated to economic ripple effects, regional technology innovation capability and regional financial conditions as the basic elements for evaluating regional potentials were considered and evaluated. As a result of the evaluation, Gyeonggi province deems to have the highest regional green energy industrial potentials generally than other provinces by getting high grades on renewable energy potentials, technology innovation, financial independency and Seoul, Chungnam, Ulsan, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gangwondo were appreciated as having good comprehensive potentials.
Next, we investigate green industrialization projects already implemented or planned to implement by the sixteen local governments through ��workshop on the strategies for establishing green industry foundation of economic metropolitan region��. As a result, the local governments generally tend to concentrate on the projects having comparative competence by considering its own regional characteristics and conditions but there seems to be a severe policy competition among the local governments around solar power and wind power.
Next, we select the essential projects among those projects using certain standards(such as the accordance with research scope, geographical and economical suitability, the established policy) and then bind those as six economic metropolitan regions(capital area, Chungcheong area, Honam area, Dongnam area, Daekyeong area, Gangwon and Jeju area) and then carry out AHP analysis based on the survey on professionals. As the evaluation standards for AHP analysis on the selected projects, three standards were used, which were the expansion of economic growth potentials, the friendliness with the environment and financial stability.
The weights, which was drawn from the survey result over the relative importance of each evaluation standard, appeared to be 0.629 in case of the expansion of economic growth potentials, 0.245 in case of the friendliness with the environment and 0.127 in case of financial stability so that most of respondents seemed to regard the expansion of economic growth potentials as the most important thing. This result is interpreted as the demands to expand new economic growth engine through low carbon green growth become greater than any other time. The secondly evaluated item is the friendliness with the environment and this is deemed as the recent mode which considers greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potentials and the importance of renewable energy expansion as more important things than financial stability. This results suggest that green energy industrialization should be implemented in a way to expand future growth engine while fully utilizing the current domestic industrial potentials.
As the regional basis, Gangwon and Jeju area is most highly evaluated which concentrates on wood biomass test-bed complex and smart grid. Especially, the strategies of Gangwon and Jeju area were evaluated superb in the friendliness with the environment and finance stability. Chungcheong area concentrating on solar photovoltaic materials industry and electronic car component materials industry received high grades in growth potentials. Next, Daekyeong area concentraing on hydrogen fuel cell, solar photovoltaic industry and Honam area emphasizing seaweed biomass, solar photovoltaics, off-shore wind power generation and LED industry received a good grade. In case of capital area which concentrates on wastes and energy management system based on IT received a high score on the friendliness with the environment but a low score on financial stability and economic growth potentials. Dongnam area pushing green car autobelt and energy multi-complex generally got a low grade on growth potentials and the friendliness with the environment, because the strategy seems to be lack of detail plans.
Lastly, this research proposes to construct green industry foundation through green industry cluster as a strategic way to give shape of the goal for constructing green industry foundation on the regional level and suggests domestic green energy industry cluster strategy through cluster matching between major green energy industries and regions integrating the evaluation results of the regional green industry potentials, voluntary implementation plans of green energy industrialization by each local governments and AHP analysis results.
The green industrialization through cluster is necessary in the following aspects. First, this can heighten domestic green energy technology, which is weak compared to some advanced countries, by creating spillover effect of technology innovation through the close cooperative network between cluster members. Second, agglomeration economy can be realized so that this enables the industry to achieve cost efficiency. Third, inefficiency from wasteful and duplicative investments by local governments can be adjusted efficiently through constructing green industry cluster reflecting regional characteristics, .
The domestic green energy industry cluster strategy suggested through integrated evaluation is as follows.
First, there is a need to implement the project in a level of super-metropolitan economic region crossing over simple administrative unit boundary. In case of implementing green industry cluster in a level of super-metropolitan economic region, there is a merit to utilize resources efficiently by facilitating the intimate cooperative network not only within regions but also between regions. In addition, it may be helpful to overcome the regional self-centeredness due to competition between regions.
As an applied example of this strategy, this research proposes the construction of the central interior solar power industry cluster binding Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo, Daekyeong as one cluster where solar photovoltaic industry shows the most keen competition among local governments. In case of Gangwondo, there is affluent silica in Yeongyeol area, which is main resources for poly-silicon, and in case of Chungcheong area, there is the excellent solar photovoltaic cell components industry foundation and it has huge technology innovation potentials. Moreover, Daekyeong is affluent in solar energy potentials and the related industry infrastructure is already developed. Lastly, the result of AHP analysis over these three areas is also excellent. Thus, integrating theses regions into one cluster will create an enormous synergy by complementing weak points each other. Especially, the example of the solar power cluster over Thuringen-Sachsen-Sachsen Anhalt, which has developed to be a world-widely famous solar power cluster by supplementing the weakness of each other, gives us a good implications.
Second, The creation of the differentiated cluster reflecting the regional characteristics and conditions is necessary. Each metropolitan economic area is differentiated in aspects such as the existing industry infrastructure, renewable energy potentials and innovative capability so that it needs to develop green energy cluster in a way to encourage comparative advantage of each region.
As an applied example of this strategy, this research proposes the mutual linkage between Namhae wind power industry cluster and on and off-shore wind power test-bed. The wind power component material industry such as wind power turbine is comparatively more developed in south coast of Dongnam area. However, west coast of Honam has the much higher offshore wind power energy potentials compared to other areas. In case of onshore wind power, Gyeongbuk(around Yeongdeok) and Gangwon(around Daegyolreong) has comparatively better energy potentials. Therefore, this is worthwhile to consider creating Namhae wind power cluster which specialized in the production of wind power turbin and wind power system components, and link this with west coast of Honam��s off shore test-bed and onshore test-bed of Donghae energy cluster.
In order to settle green energy industrialization down, the following policy consideration is necessary. First of all, the concrete goal of each cluster construction should be set up, and under this goal, the concrete implementation plan should be established step by step. Once a cluster starts to be created, it is not easy to change the direction due to ��path-dependency��. Thus, the mid and long term goal should be established based on the internal and external environmental analysis, and the efforts to remove barriers to cluster growth must be followed.
Next, the system where knowledge is created, exchanged and spreaded through the intimate cooperative network between internal cluster members should be created. Innovation is very important in oder for a cluster to be successful and the foundation of innovation relies on exchange and spillover of knowledge. It is the cooperative network of cluster members that the promotion of knowledge exchange and spread between members is expedited. The successful overseas example of green industry cluster awakens the importance of networking between industry, academia, researchers and government.
The reason that the domestic cluster policies implemented in a various forms in Korea was not effective seems to fail to strengthen a cooperative networking and establish knowledge system with putting too much weights on constructing hardware infrastructure. It is difficult to internalize externalities without efforts of the government for establishing knowledge exchange and spread system when considering characteristics of knowledge as a public goods. In this regards, an official channel for facilitating the exchange of knowledge, information and technology between members and adjusting various interests between members are needed, and basically this role should be on the government.
3. S
uggestions for Further Studies
First, this research fails to develop a dynamic road map about how to develop the cluster in details. There is a need to diagnose with the current level of each cluster based on characteristics of green energy industry and regional specificities and then, to find out and suggest what is the essential elements to develop green energy cluster along development steps of cluster.
Additionally, the more detailed and in-depth research regarding the way to build up the intimate cooperative network between members and knowledge system, which is the essential element for creating the successful cluster, should be done. Moreover, because market conditions and technological developments along various green energy technologies are different, incentives on cooperation between members will be also different. Thus, we need to study how to build up differentiated cooperative systems across green energy technologies and the detailed discussion over the role of each member for constructing cooperative network should be also done.
242 pages, 56 refs., 40 tabs., 28 Figs., Language: Korean |
