| 摘要 |
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1. Research Background and Purpose
As the low-carbon green growth emerges recently as a national issue in the face of energy resource and environmental crisis, the improvement of energy efficiency has been promoting as a key issue in the governmental policy not as selection but as required item. The energy efficiency is very important in terms of energy security, climate change and economy. Global warming and climate change currently underway worldwide are deemed to threaten the very existence of human life in the end, Unless the active response in the national level to the enhancement of energy efficiency is performed, the nation would suffer from not only the relative deterioration in the domestic economic, social welfare, but also the decline in the industry and national competitiveness in the future.
The targeted companies must set their own goals by Sept. 2011, to be implemented from 2012. it��s needed to identify the reasonably feasible reduction target for each firm in order to effectively promote the target management system regarding greenhouse gas and energy In addition, it��s required to assess the energy efficiency and energy saving potential in order to set the energy-greenhouse gas target by sector and industry and to identify the reasonable reduction target for each company
In accordance with these requirements, therefore, this Study purposes to assess the energy efficiency and to analyze the energy saving potential by manufacturing sector over 3 years (2010~2012) centering on manufacturers. This year, the first year for this Study, it tried to assess the energy efficiency and estimate the energy saving potential for 3 biggest energy-consuming industries, including iron and steel, petroleum chemistry and non-metallic mineral industry.
2. Summary
Korea is the world��s 12th largest economic power and 10th energy-consuming nation by the base year 2008. The nation, however, ranks high level of OECD with regard to the energy intensity. The energy intensity is high primarily because the industrial structure is centered to the energy intensive manufacturers and the added value of products and service is created low compared to the developed nations. The more the proportion of manufacturer and energy-intensive sector, the higher the energy intensity.
The domestic manufacturer��s energy consumption recorded the annual average growth rate of 2.3% from 2000 to 2009, with sound growth trend being lower than the added value��s growth rate(5.3%). The energy consumption of 1st metal industry, such as metal assembly, petroleum/coal and chemistry product manufacturer, indicated the increase of 4.9, 4.0 and 1.1%, respectively, whereas that of other sectors all decreased for the analysis period. The energy consumption per the value-added of manufacturer was improved by the annual average of 2.9% for the same period. The metal assembly industry showed the highest growth rate in the value-added and the energy consumption, but its energy intensity was lowest at 0.06 (TOE/one million won) by the base year 2009. The annual average improvement of energy intensity in the meal assembly industry reached 4.4%, with rapid improvement trend being shown, and was followed by textile & apparel industry (4.5%). The energy intensity in petroleum/coal and chemistry product manufacturer, the energy intensive sector, was shown a little deteriorated (annul average of 0.1%) for the same period, the deteriorated trend of energy consumption since 2006. The energy intensity in the 1st metal industry was improved just at the annual average of 0.2%. The energy consumption in the non-metallic mineral industry was improved at the annual average of 3.5%, comparatively high.
In order to complement the limitation of the energy intensity, the decomposition of production activities, industrial structure change, energy efficiency was carried out through Divisia method. Looking at the factor-specific change of energy consumption between 2000 and 2009, production activities showed the growth effect of 38.1 million TOE in manufacturer��s energy consumption while they showed the decrease effect of 17.2 and 4.3 million TOE in industrial structure change and energy efficiency improvement respectively, so it��s analyzed that the real energy consumption increased just by 16.6 million TOE. The energy consumption for feedstock(naphtha of petroleum chemistry and coking coal of 1st metal industry) account for 61% of the total manufacturer��s energy consumption, the decomposition analysis on energy consumption change was carried out only for the energy source used for fuel. As the result of the decomposition, the production activities showed the growth effect of 15.5 million TOE in the manufacturer��s energy consumption, but the industrial structure change and the energy intensity showed the energy reduction effect of 7.8 and 4.8 million TOE respectively, so the real increase of energy consumption is just 3.5 million TOE. In the analysis result excluding the energy for feedstock, it��s estimated that the industrial structure change and the energy intensity improvement contributed far more to the reduction of energy consumption. This is because the energy for feedstock has a limit to reduction and has largely the impossible fuel characteristics. Accordingly, it's evaluated that the industrial structure change and the energy efficiency improvement had a significant role in restricting the energy consumption growth in the manufacture sector from 2000 to 2009.
The energy efficiency in 3 biggest energy intensive industries(steel, petrochemical and other non-metallic mineral industry) was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). As for output factor, the production amount and the value-added were used. As for input factor, the energy, along with labor and capital indicated in the general production function formula, was selected. As for analysis data, the energy consumption data was used through IEA statistics and the data regarding the sector-specific production, the value-added, the gross capital formation and the number of workers were collected using OECD and each nation��s statistic office. The statistics on steel production was used by the statistic data of World Steel Association.
According to the empirical analysis on the energy efficiency of Iron and steel industry(ISIC 2710) in 17 nations belonging to OECD by year from 2000 to 2006, it��s evaluated that the energy efficiency of Korea��s Iron and steel industry is high relative to Japan and Sweden for the analysis period. In addition, selecting coal, electricity and fossil fuel in order to reflect the production of pig iron, crude steel and finished product as output factor and the steel industry��s systematic characteristic as input factor, the energy efficiency was assessed for both 2007 and 2008. In the case of the year 2007, Korea��s Iron and steel industry was evaluated high in the energy efficiency along with Japan, Spain, Turkey, UK, Netherlands, Slovakia and Austria. In the case of the year 2008, the energy efficiency of Korea��s steel industry showed 0.84, deteriorated compared to 2007, which was a phenomenon caused by decreased scale efficiency, and in the case of 2008, it��s evaluated that it��s possible to reduce energy by 16% thanks to the improvement of scale efficiency.
According to the assessment of the energy efficiency in the petrochemical industry(ISIC 24) targeting 22 nations belonging to OECD, the Korea��s fuel energy efficiency (excluding naphtha) was evaluated to be low relative to the major developed nations by 2002, but to be an energy-efficient nation with the energy efficiency of 1 from 2003. Its fuel naphtha efficiency was also evaluated to be relatively low by 2002, but to be efficient from 2003.
Korea��s energy efficiency in the non-metallic mineral industry(ISIC 26) has been improved 0.72 in 2000 to 0.90 in 2006, but relatively low. The scale efficiency and technical efficiency all showed low level by 2005, but in 2006 the technical efficiency was 1 while the scale efficiency was lower, so the energy efficiency was evaluated to be relatively low.
The energy saving potential in the energy-intensive industry was analyzed based on the result of precise energy audit. According to the energy audit on 167 firms out of Iron and steel, petroleum chemistry and cement ones having been diagnosed since 2000, the energy saving potential was calculated to be 10.6%(3,471 thou. TOE) of the total energy consumption. The energy saving potential by sector showed 10.9%, 9.5% and 8.0% in chemistry, steel and cement sector, respectively. Here, the energy saving potential is expected to be less because the investment for energy saving including facility improvement has been implemented since the diagnosis. Looking at the energy saving potential in the energy-intensive industry by facility, the saving potential showed 43% in the operation and process improvement sector, 24.0% in the heat recovery sector to recover wasted energy and heat produced in facility and process for heat production and 16% in the facility complement sector to save energy through adding/complementing the existing energy usage facility and relevant facilities. Next, the saving potential was analyzed to be big at 13% in the equipment to promote energy reduction through replacing high-efficiency or new facility and 4% in the reasonable operation management sector, in order. The saving potential by factor in the steel industry showed the highest in the facility complement sector at 41% and 22% in the operation and process improvement sector. The highest sector in the energy saving potential in the chemistry industry was the operation and process improvement sector at 46%, and 23% in wasted heat recovery. The energy saving potential in the cement industry accounted for around 79% of the energy saving potential in the waste heat due to the characteristics of the industry to use over 80% of energy consumption in the furnace sector
3. Recommendation on policy
Significant proportion of the energy saving potential cannot be carried out in market due to various reasons. Accordingly, the integrated, consistent policy should be promoted in terms of technique, economy and system. And the promotion should continue to be improved through monitoring and assessment on overall energy efficiency policy. In addition, the upgrade of the value-added creation over the overall economy and the overall energy efficiency including technique innovation and industrial restructuring are required. Above all, the intimate partnership between the government and companies are needed to carry out the energy saving and the greenhouse gas reduction.
The government should set the reduction target so that it might make the production activities of business not withered and improve the energy efficiency, and remove the market barriers to interfere with the adoption and expansion of high-efficiency and best practice And the government should identify the appropriate objective after analyzing technique level, energy saving capability and the competitiveness by sector and industry in order to allocate the objective to the managed industries and strengthen the support of public administration, finance and technique needed to implement the construction of inventory and key process. Especially, the government should actively introduce the win-win cooperation among large and medium-sized firms and drive the implementation of energy audit result through funding the energy saving facility according to the energy audit. In addition, after grasping the cost-effective, energy reduction-possible sector at plant and facility unit, the government needs to support them so that the energy management can be expanded across the overall industry.
The energy-intensive industry, including steel, petroleum chemistry and cement industry, provides the basic materials for all the industries and is closely related to various industries, so their energy efficiency has big effect on other industries. the energy-intensive industry should give the priority to setting the quick, voluntary practice as its objective in order to solve the problems regarding climate change, and has a leading role to response to the climate change, with transferring its operation to low carbon process and expanding the green business. So it should asses its own energy efficiency level, discover the reduction measure and found the energy saving and greenhouse reduction measure based on the potential reduction, promoting the measure in the entire company level.
The domestic steel industry needs to develop the fuel-effective technique in accordance with the trend of high-price oil and high-quality steel resource depletion on the short-term basis and need a joint development among academy, industry and government for innovative technique such as a hydrogen reduction iron and steel making method to replace coal, which is the emission source of greenhouse gas, on the long-term basis. In the case of chemistry industry, its process technique cycle is over 30 years, so when the technique safety is secured, the technique can be applied. Therefore the operation and process sector, which are large in the potential reduction, are required to be continually taken efforts for improvement. The cement industry, in addition to the expansion of waste heat recovery with large potential energy reduction, need to be expanded in the sector of slag cement.
Language : Korean |
