| 摘要 | ABSTRACT
1. Research Purpose
Monitoring activities were performed for 179 models in 19 categories based on the energy efficiency rating system in 2009. 169 models passed the exam and ten of them in five categories including refrigerators, cleaners, and fans failed the exam.
Based on this result, the government asked 9 companies that violated labelling efficiency rating to correct rating labels and label contents. Those companies and models have been published in the Official Gazette, and the related manufacturers and importers are asked to report the correction results within a month. If they fail to make a correction, they are subject to take a penalty or a fine depending on the level of violations.
Since only 179 models out of 20,011 models were monitored, it is necessary to consider extending the scope of monitoring activities such as the number of models.
This study is to identify problems with monitoring activities under the rating system and suggest solutions to improve the system citing the examples of other countries. In addition, it analyzes an appropriate model size for the improvement of monitoring activities and proposes an improved monitoring activity system.
2. Summary
The study examined the characteristics of the rating systems in developed countries. In the United States, manufacturers voluntarily apply for registration with the Energy Star program and the Energy Guide Label system. In Japan, it is mandatory for manufacturers and retailers to apply the Top Runner program and the Energy Saving Labelling system to facilitate the distribution of energy-saving devices. European countries are complement a system related to the Eco-Design Guidelines, which suggest criteria for Minimum Energy Performance Standard, and the Energy Labelling Guidelines, which include provisions for energy efficiency rating labeling standard. EU has made it mandatory to get all appliances labelled with ratings.
The monitoring programs under the rating systems applied in developed countries provide a good opportunity to learn sampling methods and activity examples. In the US, under the Energy Star program and Energy Guide Label certificate, monitoring activity samples are selected by the EPA/DOE committee for deliberation.
In Japan, the periodic monitoring of energy saving labels is conducted by collecting product catalogs. To perform the frequent monitoring of energy saving labels, retail stores are checked for their labeling status. The models are selected by the deliberation committee of each related associations.
Among many developed countries, UK has a good program to measure and examine the models. The Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs asks a product distributor to provide the measurement results. If they fail to meet the standard, they may be requested to provide explanations. DEFRA also can publish or disclose a summary report or a detailed report on the websites of related associations or organizations.
To estimate an optimum sample (model) size for monitoring activities, the general sampling theory (Israel, 2009) and the premise of the distribution rate (Korea Power Exchange, 2009) were examined. It was estimated that 172 models that were measured in 2010 showed a 95% confidence level and 7.4% sampling error based on the general sampling theory and 4.5% in sampling error based on the distribution rate 90% premise. Therefore, the number of models is considered a relatively significant size.
The study analyzed a required survey cost and measurability to set an optimum size of monitoring activities. Based on the general sampling theory, it is estimated that if a measurement is conducted for 378 models with a 95% confidence level and a 5.0% sampling error, it will be 1.28 billion (Korean) won. It will be 7.19 billion won if 2,144 models with a 2.0% sampling error is used. The maximum size of measurement considering the annual capacity of each test laboratory is approximately 900 models with a 3.2% sampling error.
Based on the premise of a 90% distribution rate, measuring 137 models with a 95% confidence level and a 5% sampling error will cost 0.47 billion won and 829 models with a 2.0% sampling error will cost 2.76 billion won. With a 2.0% sampling error, up to 829 models can be measured.
3. Research Results and Policy Implications
This study suggests a few solutions to improve monitoring activities under the rating system. First, samples should be selected from each category for monitoring activities, taking account of the consumer's continuous buying behavior, while it is also important to form and operate a deliberation committee.
Second, it is necessary to alleviate the checking process of the label content of 9 item which have never been violated the labeling regulation since 2005. This study suggests the detailed checking of label contents and reinforcement of measurement of 12 items which have violated labeling more than once over the past few years.
Third, the scope of monitoring activities can be extended to maximum 900 models, depending on the annual capacity of measurement, high survey costs, and limited human resources.
Last, this study suggests that the entire monitoring activities process should be disclosed and be posted on the websites of related agencies and on the Internet in general. |
