| 摘要 | ABSTRACT
1. Research Background and Purpose
There has been a growing interest in energy saving and improved energy efficiency amid higher energy cost, electricity shortages and stronger government regulations on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. In order to save energy, there should be sustainable, effective and systematic measures, which however, have not been introduced yet. Energy saving requires a strong instrument capable of monitoring the status of energy consumption, figuring out energy wasting factors and implementing its resolution. As such an instrument, Energy Management System(EMS) is gaining growing attention from around the world with its energy flow monitoring and controlling function. EMS is an integrated energy management solution equipped with hardware, software and ICT-based monitoring & controlling technology. The system could optimize the use of energy through real-time monitoring of consumption and analysis of compiled data. Especially, cloud computing system brought some changes not only to the development and application of EMS technology but also to the business model. The focus of EMS has been on the visualization and analysis of energy consumption status, and recently, the system expanding its range of functions to include demand response and system management services.
A paradigm shift has been witnessed in the domestic energy policy with its focus moving toward the demand-side management from the supply side. Also, the paradigm of energy management is changing as well to become more active utilizing ICT technologies compared to the previous passive management method based on manuals. Along with such changing environment, economic actors are encouraged to implement systematic energy management using IT technologies. Until recently, domestic research focused on the trend and future direction of technology development, and there was few research aimed at expanding EMS deployment. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of domestic and foreign EMS technologies and policies adopted to develop and deploy EMS technology in selected countries and to figure out future policy direction and assignment to nurture the EMS industry and accelerate EMS deployment.
2. Summary of Content
In the past, Energy Management System(EMS) was only capable of measuring and visualizing energy consumption, but it is becoming more sophisticated added with a new controlling function. Previously, the system was applied only to households, buildings and factories, but recently it��s emerging as region-wide energy management solution, and related markets are growing fast as well. Community Energy Management System(CEMS) is a cornerstone of Smart Grid system. It delivers an energy management solution to the entire region and includes Home Energy Management System(HEMS), Building Energy Management System(BEMS) and Factory Energy Management System. At the same time, it monitors and controls sub-facilities of electric power system including demand-side resources such as decentralized generation facilities.
CEMS demonstration projects have been accelerating in major developed countries such as Japan, the United States and Europe, and researches are being conducted for the development of technologies such as a controlling technology that factors in regional characteristics and consumers��lifestyle & acceptability, an inter-working technology with regional energy management services, technologies for grid operating, connecting and controlling as well as technologies related to architecture specification of home server service provider. The EMS market has been growing steadily and is expected to expand further, centering on the developed countries where government regulations on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions are being tightened and where the EMS market is growing along with technology development and higher consumer awareness. According to Navigant Research, a market research institute, the EMS market within the global industries will grow from $11.3 billion in 2013 to $22.4 billion in 2020, recording an average growth of 10.3% annually. The global market for BEMS is also projected to make a more than two-fold growth from $1.8 billion in 2012 to $5.6 billion in 2020.
In 2002, Japan introduced a subsidy program for the adoption of BEMS for the first time in the world in order to save energy throughout the operation of buildings. Since the Fukushima blackout in 2011, subsidies have been provided for the installation of BEMS, HEMS and MEMS(EMS for mansions) to curb electricity demand from small & midsize buildings and households. BEMS and HEMS subsidies are delivered by EMS aggregator that establishes central management system and support energy management based on clouding system. The United States and Europe, where market principles are emphasized, are making efforts to promote EMS deployment, along with previous policies such as stronger regulations on energy efficiency, Smart City demonstration project, certification system and voluntary agreement.
In the domestic EMS market, government supports are contributing to the introduction and deployment of EMS, though the deployment market is at the early stage of development. Currently, efforts are being made to find and support a business model for BEMS and FEMS in Korea through Korea-Micro Energy Grid(K-MEG) business and IT-based Energy Saving Companies(ESCO) business, which are aimed at supporting and demonstrating EMS technologies.
There are about 100 domestic EMS suppliers, and 80% of them are small & midsize companies. The market is currently divided according to the technological gap between domestic and foreign companies. When it comes to hardware, domestic companies supply communications equipments and watt-hour meters, and foreign companies are dominant in the area of sophisticated technologies such as flow meters and valves. In the case of software, domestic companies supply basic systems while foreign companies provide an analyzing & controlling algorithm for complied data on seasons, temperature and output. ESCO and System Integration(SI) companies are providing integrated installation and management services in cooperation with software and hardware business operators.
The domestic EMS industry has some area of technological vulnerability compared to that of developed countries; analyzing and controlling algorithm for energy data in the software sector and measuring instruments such as flow meters and special industrial sensors used under high temperature & pressure conditions, controlling instrument such as air pressure in the hardware sector. Since the domestic market is at the early stage of development, high cost of EMS installation is a burden for small & midsize companies and buildings without enough investment power. Currently, the average cost of EMS installation is about $300~$600million for a building and $600million to $1billion for a factory. In the case of small and midsize companies, their high quality products are often depreciated in the market in the shadow of large companies even though about 90% of products with GS certification are made by small and midsize companies. In addition, a lack of standards on EMS definition, technology, equipments and required functions, is working as obstacles to the adoption of EMS.
3. Policy Recommendations
The paradigm of domestic energy policy is shifting toward demand-side management as supply-side centered policies are proven to be limited in their effectiveness. The importance of the demand-side management is being highlighted considering its social acceptability, environmental contributions, economic feasibility and energy security. The method of energy management is also becoming more active using ICT technologies compared to the previous passive management based on manuals. If Korea, an IT powerhouse, accelerates the development of EMS technologies and its deployment through market creation while accumulating expertise, the EMS industry will emerge as Korea��s new higher value-added business that leads the global market in the near future. A wide range of technologies and services are converged in the EMS industry, and it requires close cooperation between the government and the private sector as well as systematic government support until the creation of the market. At the initial stage of market development, it is significant that the public sector is actively involved with the market creation, maintains consistent policies and prepare support system at each stage of market development. if government policies lack consistency and momentum, the industry will become stagnant, and thus, the government should set a long-term goal and provide assistance based on mid & long term development plan.
In order to nurture the domestic EMS industry and to create related market, the following assignments should be implemented. First of all, the public sector should lead the market creation and expand EMS deployment through regulations and incentives for large energy consumers such as buildings and factories. It is important that the government and the public sector is taking a leading role in demand creation and then encourages private participation. Given the high cost of EMS installation, financing support and incentives should be provided to large energy consumers, centering on buildings and factories. As part of such efforts, it is important to provide tax credits for EMS investment and incentives such as an extension of energy assessment cycle and the extra point system connected with existing programs such as certification, energy saving plan and mandatory energy assessment. Afterwards mandatory EMS adoption should be considered for large energy consumers when decreased cost leads to higher economic feasibility for consumers.
Second, Small and midsize companies and buildings with limited investment capacity need subsidies to install EMS. If the government fails to consider the conditions of small & midsize companies which are relatively slow in market advancement, government-led market creation will result in distorted resource distribution with large companies dominating the market. The EMS cost is lower for small & mid-scale energy consumers compared to large consumers as they need lower level of system. If there is no energy data analyst, it is cost effective to install EMS with only basic functions and then an external agency conducts data analysis, algorithm and demand projection. The agency could suggest improvement measures based on the possibility of energy saving by analyzing data and system operation status. As for the government-funded projects, there should be energy management service contract for a certain period of time as well as mandatory disclosure of information on energy consumption, saving and system operation.
Third, business-specific EMS that considers cost effectiveness should be deployed, and it is desirable to find the exemplary case through pilot projects. Although EMS with advanced level of measuring and analyzing function is expected to provide better effect, the installation cost is also high. Therefore, it might be cost effective to use system with appropriate level of function factoring in different business characteristics. In addition, energy consumers in buildings and factories should be encouraged to voluntarily save energy by allowing data access not only to data managers but also to all the energy users of buildings and factories.
Fourth, the government should provide systematic assistance for technology development and build a strong foundation to expand EMS supply base. A nation-wide road map on EMS element technology and integration technology should be drawn to facilitate technological advance and its commercialization. Stronger supports are required to develop and commercialize vulnerable technologies. Also, expert network and active community activities are important to accelerate convergence of technologies. Integrated community could promote the exchange of information by sharing technological & market trends and know-hows, and it needs to be further developed as a national R&D platform for joint researches. In order to enhance inter-connectivity of EMS components such as measuring instruments, communications equipments and servers, creation of standard and more empirical studies are necessary. It is important to introduce technologies standardized by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and have them certified by Korean Industrial standards(KS). Korea should develop new technologies that have not been standardized yet and actively participate in the process of international standardization to reflect domestic technologies through the public-private cooperation. Also, empirical study centers should be established to support the development of technologies that provide high connectivity between devices.
Fifth, the use of certified products and high quality products of small and midsize companies should increase to expand EMS supply base. In addition, support system is needed for the products and companies using standardized protocols, given the arising problems such as overlapping investment and time consumed for testing due to different protocols used in automatic controlling. Thus, mandatory use of certified products should become a condition for EMS incentives such as tax credits, extension of assessment cycle and financial support for EMS installation and ect. Also efforts should be made to discover and distribute high quality products of small & midsize companies with high technical skills by conducting Bench Marking Test(BMT) on the multiple products.
Sixth, EMS-based business for demand resource management needs to be promoted. An Improved registration system could help companies that secured EMS technologies such as IT companies and communications system operators to be included as ESCO, and they should be nurtured as professional EMS aggregator. Also, a market for demand-side management should be created to provide remote energy management service based on EMS and to collect and sell demand resources in the electricity market, creating profits. A new successful business model can be made by deploying cloud-based EMS to large energy consumers such as national & regional industrial complex, franchise companies, hotels, department stores as well as cooperative projects of small & midsize-large companies.
Seventh, systematic promotion and education through various channels are needed to raise awareness and understanding of EMS, which are currently at low level as the market is at the early stage of development. Especially, an exemplary case of EMS in buildings and factories in the different business sectors should be found and promoted while providing informations on EMS companies to reduce transaction cost. As part of such effort, an online promotion center should be opened to provide various informations on EMS deployment, new technologies and sophisticated products. Lastly, research should be conducted regularly on the status of EMS deployment and application as well as energy saving effect, and the research result should be published and reflected in establishing EMS deployment policies. |
